The Method

The fundamentals of clawhammer and frailing banjo.

Old-time banjo is simpler to start than it looks — the core motion is a single downward strike your hand learns quickly, then refines for a lifetime.

The clawhammer strike

  1. Shape the hand. Curl your fingers loosely as if holding a small apple. The striking finger (index or middle) stays firm; the wrist stays relaxed.
  2. Strike down. Brush down across a melody string with the back of the fingernail. Never pick up.
  3. Sound the drone. Immediately let the thumb catch the short fifth string.
  4. Find the rhythm. The classic pattern is “bum-ditty”: strike (bum) — strike + brush (dit) — thumb (ty).

Common tunings

Tuning Notes (5th→1st) Used for
Standard / “G” g D G B D Most session tunes
Double C g C G C D Modal & “crooked” tunes
Sawmill / “G modal” g D G C D Dark, droning pieces

Where to go next

Start with two or three simple tunes, play them slowly until the bum-ditty is automatic, then find other players. Old-time is social music — it lives in the jam, not the practice room.

See it played

Nothing teaches the clawhammer feel like watching a master. Below, the great Tommy Jarrell (1901–1985) plays “Sweet Sunny South.”

Tommy Jarrell on banjo (embedded from YouTube).